Berkenalan Dengan Geothermal Yuk part 1….*)

Chalange of Natural Disaster in the future in Indonesia *]

My country Indonesia, is located in South East between two Ocean which are Indian and Pacific Ocean and two continent asia and austaralia.Indonesia is tropical country and has very fertile land and many forest on it.But in the several years many tropical forest regions have been damage due to the increasing land demand as an effect of demographic growing (The number of Indonesian Population exceeds 220 million in the year of 2000). As a result, environment quality is decreasing thus generates, or at least exacerbated the worse impact of natural disaster. Indonesia is a country with a high level of sensitivity to disasters.

My country is a tectonic region, as a result many natural disaster will happen such as : volcanic eruption and earthquake.Indonesia have three major active tectonic plate which are Eurasian in the north, Australian in the south and the last one south and pacific plate in the east.In geodynmics we know that plate movement generate subduction type of boundary which control on volcanic arc, and in Indonesia it is produce sumatera island, java island, nusa tenggara and Maluku

Subduction process also produce active seismicity along the volcanic arc and it is generate earthquake.Major earthquake stroke dense populated region such as Yogyakarta, Aceh, Bengkulu,liwa, Bali and Nusa Tenggara.

Another natural hazard are generated by tectonic activity are vocanic eruption and tsunami. In Indonesia the most famous case recently is merapi case and tsunami in aceh .Some transform fault are well known as earthquake generator are The great Sumatera fault (semangko fault), Palu koro (Central Sulawesi) fault, and sorong Fault.

Indonesia have more than 500 volcanoes including 128 active volcanoes.it is 15% of the active volcanoes in the world.Majority Indonesian people live in Sumatera island, java island, Bali island, Nusatenggara island, and Sulawesi island.All of the island have risk about volcanic eruption. . The most active volcano in Indonesia is Merapi which is situated 20 kilometers to the north of Yogyakarta.

Comprehensive emergency management is s widely used to approach at all levels of government to deal with the inevitability of natural hazards and their potential to cause disasters in a given community The components of a comprehensive emergency management system include:

• Preparedness activities involve at least two types of activities. Structural activities include actions to prepare for the imminent arrival of a hazard event. Non-structural activities involve taking steps to minimize damage to personal property and to minimize harm to individuals. Preparedness activities include development of response procedures, design and installation of warning systems, exercises to test emergency operational procedures and training of emergency personnel.

• Response activities occur during or immediately following the disaster and include time-sensitive activities such as search and rescue operations, evacuation, emergency medical care, food and shelter programs. Response activities are designed to meet the urgent needs of disaster victims.

· Recovery activities are emergency management actions that begin after the disaster, as urgent needs are met. These actions are designed to put the community back together and include repairs to roads, bridges and other public facilities, restoration of power, water and other municipal services and other activities that help restore normal operations to a community

· Mitigation activities reduce or eliminate the damages from hazardous events. These activities can occur before, during and after a disaster and overlap all phases of emergency management. Structural mitigation pertains to actions such as constructing disaster-resistant structures and retrofitting existing structures to withstand events. Non-structural mitigation activities include development of land use plans, zoning ordinances, subdivision regulations and tax incentives and disincentives to discourage development in certain high-hazard areas. Mitigation also includes education programs for members of the public about the hazards to which their community is vulnerable, as well as the importance of mitigation and how to prepare their property to withstand a disaster.

Nevertheless, the experiences and knowledge acquired in other countries, with better emergency management systems, should be taken into consideration. A comparative study on emergency preparedness must be conducted at the Southeast Asia regional level. An evaluation must be conducted on existing tools and mechanisms in civil protection and defense in other countries.

*] Disampaikan pada saat Seleksi Program beasiswa japan airlines

 

 

Identifikasi Penyebaran Limbah Cair Menggunakan metode Geolistrik *

Seiring dengan pesatnya pertumbuhan industri di Indonesia, permasalahn limbah khususnya limbah cair menjadi salah satu permasalahan yang cukup besar yang dihadapi oleh lingkungan hidup saat ini.Tidak hanya industri saja yang menjadi penyumbang limbah, rumah tangga 40%, rumah sakit, pertanian dan peternakan 30% turut memperparah kondisi lingkungan hidup kita saat ini. (Kurniadie,1998)

Limbah cair merupakan sisa buangan hasil suatu proses yang sudah tidak dipergunakan lagi, baik berupa sisa industri, rumah tangga, peternakan, pertanian, dan sebagainya.Komponen utama limbah cair adalah air (99%) sedangakan komponen lainnya bahan padat yang bergantung asal buangan tersebut.(Rustama et. al, 1998).

Tempat Penbuangan Akhir sampah bisa juga menimbulkan limbah cair yang tidak kalah berbahayanya.Hal ini diakibatkan oleh pembusukan material-material organik yang pernah di buang di tempat ini.Sebagai salah satu TPA yang ada di kota Cimahi , TPA Leuwi gajah pun tidak menutup kemungkinan bisa menghasilkan limbah cair.Limbah cair ini merembes ke dalam tanah dan menyebar ke daerah di sekitarnya.

Di dalam tanah, seperti halnya fluida yang lain, limbah cair ini menyebar mengikuti topografi bawah tanah yang ada di daerah tersebut.Banyak resiko yang bisa ditimbulkan oleh hal ini, salah satunya limbah cair ini bisa mengintrusi daerah pemukiman penduduk.Jika limbah ini terus menyebar, maka bisa mengintrusi sumber air bersih penduduk yang ada di sekitarnya.

Mengingat berbahayanya hal ini, maka diperlukan suatu metode untuk mengetahui pola intrusi limbah cair ke permukaan bawah tanah di sekitar TPA Leuwi Gajah.Limbah cair ini menyebar di bawah permukaan tanah sehingga tidak dapat dideteksi langsung secara kasat mata.Diperlukan sebuah metode untuk mengetahui pergerakannya.Metode yang cocok untuk menyelasaikan problem ini adalah dengan mengguanakan metode geolistrik.

Dengan menggunakan metode ini diharapkan kita bisa melihat sampai sejauh mana pergerakan limbah cair tersebut.

 

 

 

*Disampaikan Pada saat persentasi Lomba Inovasi sains dan Teknologi 2006